Association of Proton Pump Inhibitors with Increased Risk of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease: Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objective: To look for a possible association between the use of proton pump inhibitors and the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with decompensated chronic liver disease and to draw a comparison between decompensated chronic liver disease patients who are using PPIs and those who are not using them.
Study Design: Analytical cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Gastroenterology, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Lahore, Pakistan, from 5^th June 2023 to 4^th December 2023.
Methods: Patients were divided into two groups. The first group included all patients with decompensated chronic liver disease who were taking PPIs, and the second group included all decompensated chronic liver disease patients who were not taking PPIs at the time of development of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients in both groups. Inclusion Criteria included patients of the age group ranging from 30 to 80 years having confirmed liver cirrhosis along with splenomegaly and ascites on abdominal ultrasound. Exclusion Criteria included all patients with a history of Child Pugh Class A chronic liver disease, patients with alcohol intake, and patients with gastrointestinal malignancy.
Results: Among diagnosed cases of decompensated chronic liver cirrhosis, the rate of development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was 7.58 % in patients using proton pump inhibitors as compared to 1.7 % among patients with chronic liver disease who were not using proton pump inhibitors, with a significant P-value of 0.01.
Conclusion: Use of proton pump inhibitors significantly increased the likelihood of developing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in decompensated chronic liver patients.

How to cite this: Habib A, Uddin R, Khan R, Manzar MA, Malik A, Ashraf S. Association of Proton Pump Inhibitors with Increased Risk of
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease: Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. Life and
Science. 2026; 7(1): 106-111. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.599